5．下列加點(diǎn)的詞的解釋．不正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A．家不居礱斫之器 居：居處
B．其床闕足而不能理 闕：通“缺”
C．是足為佐天子相天下法矣 法：效法
D．余謂梓人之道類于相 謂：認(rèn)為
17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A．on which B．where C．in that D．during which
18、The train she was travelling was late.
A．on that B．for which C．on which D．which
19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.
A．on which B．that C．when D．where
20、I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need.
A．that, that B．which, that C．where, which D．in which, /
21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.
A．on which B．on that C．in which D．which
22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?
A．why B．which C．for that D．for why
23、Is some German friends visited last week ?
A．this school where B．this school one C．this the school D．this school
24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.
A．whose B．which C．who’s D．who
25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?
A．which you talked B．that you talked C．a(chǎn)bout that you talked D．you talked about
26、This is one of the best films this year.
A．which has been shown B．that have been shown
C．that have shown D．have been shown
27、Do you know the man ?
A．that I spoke B．I spoke to C．to who I spoke D．whom I spoke
28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.
A．two-thirds in which B．two-thirds in them
C．two-thirds of them D．of whom two thirds
29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.
A．neither of them B．none of them
C．neither of which D．none of which
30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.
A．by it B．through which C．with that D．in which
31、Do you know the reason he was late?
A．for which B．for what C．which D．that
32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
A．As B．That C．What D．Which
33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.
A．who B．what C．that D．a(chǎn)s
34、They’re invented me to their party, is kind of them.
A．this B．that C．which D．a(chǎn)s
35、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.
A．this B．that C．which D．a(chǎn)s
36、There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.
A．a(chǎn)s B．where C．which D．that
37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.
A．who B．when C．where D．which
38、Next month, you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.
A．which B．that C．when D．/
40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.
A．that B．when C．who D．which
Ⅱ、Fill in the blanks：
1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .
2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.
3、This is the boy father died three years ago.
4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?
6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded.
7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.
8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.
9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.
10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.
11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.
12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.
13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy.
14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.
15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.
16、He was often late, made his teacher very angry.
17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?
18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
Ⅲ、correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:
1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.
2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.
4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.
6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.
7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.
8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.
9、This is the room which food is kept.
10、April 15, 1976 is the day when we’ll never forget.
11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.
12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .
13、This is all which I can do for you.
14、Can you think of anyone who’s house was here?
15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.
16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.
17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.
18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.
19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?
20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.
21、A plane is a machine can fly.
22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.
23、Those that want to go put up your hands.
24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.
25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?
【答案】:
Ⅰ、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A 5、A
6、D 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、C
11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D 15、C
16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C 20、D
21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、D
26、B 27、B 28、D 29、C 30、B
31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C 35、C
36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B 40、A
Ⅱ、1、who / that 2、which / that 3、whose 4、which / that
5、who / that 6、when 7、which / that 8、where
9、which 10、whom 11、which 12、where
13、when 14、which 15、who 16、which
17、that 18、that
Ⅲ、1、where―that 2、where―which 3、√
4、when―that / which 5、that―where 6、去掉there
7、that―why 8、that―which 9、which―where
10、when―which / that 11、man后面加who 12、students后面加who
13、which―that 14、who’s―whose 15、去掉it
16、were―was 17、which―when 18、have―has
19、whom―who 20、that―where
21、machine后面加which / that 22、which―that
23、that―who 24、that―which 25、whom―that
――It was open to traffic in 1968.
A．What B．What time C．How long D．When
41、 from Beijing to London!
A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is
C．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it
42、Oh, John, you gave us!
A．How a pleasant surprise B．How pleasant surprise
C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise
43、 terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A．How a B．What a C．How D．What
44、 girl she is!
A．What bright a B．How a bright C．How bright a D．What a bright
45、 we have today?
A．How fine day B．What fine day C．How a fine day D．What a fine day
46、How flowers are!
A．beautiful B．beautifully C．beautiful the D．beautiful that
47、How !
A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time
48、What work he does!
A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest
49、 careful our monitor is!
A．How a B．How C．What a D．What
50、 advice he gave us!
A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How
51、 picture it is!
A．What wonderful B．How a wonderful C．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a
52、 I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!
A．How do B．What do C．What D．How
53、 hardworking students they are!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
54、 long time it lasted!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
55、 down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room.
A．Turning B．To turn C．Turn D．Turned
56、Let’s football in the street.
A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing
57、 careful when you cross the street.
A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do
58、 the child all day long!
A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cry C．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry
59、 afraid of make mistakes!
A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not
60、 me again before coming.
A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call
61、You’d like some coffee, ?
A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you
62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ?
A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．a(chǎn)m I
63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .
A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they
64、His father knows little about it, he?
A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t
65、We all like reading story books, ?
A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you
66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she?
A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t
67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you, he?
A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．a(chǎn)lready, did D．never, did
68、Be sure to write to us, ?
A．will you B．a(chǎn)ren’t you C．would you D．can you
69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, you?
A．do you B．will you C．would D．can
70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ?
A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we
71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she?
A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t
72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ?
A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it
73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ?
A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there
74、He comes late sometimes, ?
A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he
75、――You are not a new comer, are you?
―― . I came here only yesterday.
A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not.
76、She could hardly believe it, ?
A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she
77、You needn’t go, ?
A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you
78、You must work hard from now on, ?
A．can you B．won’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you
79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you?
A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t
80、He must have left home yesterday, he?
A．hasn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ?
A．a(chǎn)m I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I
82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, you?
A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t
83、You need to come earlier, you?
A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t
84、You dare not go alone, you?
A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t
85、He shouldn’t drink so much, he?
A．should B．ought C．would D．will
86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ?
A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it
87、I’m late for the meeting, ?
A．a(chǎn)mn’t I B．a(chǎn)ren’t I C．don’t I D．a(chǎn)ren’t you
88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ?
A．does he B．doesn’t he C．do they D．don’t they
89、None of the workers attended the party, ?
A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they
90、Everything is right here, ?
A．isn’t it B．a(chǎn)ren’t they C．a(chǎn)re they D．is it
91、A lovely day, ?
A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it
92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ?
A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it
93、My sister often needs help with her study, ?
A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she
94、You should have watered the flower earlier, ?
A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t you D．haven’t you
95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ?
A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
96、What a pretty girl, ?
A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she
97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ?
A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he
98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ?
A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I
99、Let us do it for you, ?
A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we
100、They have to face the difficulty, they?
A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t
【答案】：
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A
7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A
13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D
19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A
25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C
31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C
37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C
43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B
49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B
55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D
61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B
67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B
73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C
79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C
85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A
91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D
97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B
名詞性從句
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：
1、It doesn’t matter I rest or not.
A．if B．whether C．that D．when
2、 I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind.
A．that, that B．which, what C．what, why D．what, that
3、 I was free that day.
A．It happened to B．It happened that
C．That happened D．It was happened that
4、He you are not going abroad.
A．surprised that B．is surprised whether
C．is surprised that D．surprised at
5、I wonder how much .
A．cost the coat B．does the coat cost
C．the coat costs D．the coat is cost
6、 I have will be yours sooner or later.
A．No matter what B．Whatever
C．Whether D．That
7、 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.
A．It says B．He is said C．It has said D．It is said
8、 we go swimming every day us a lot of good.
A．If, do B．That, do C．If, does D．That, does
9、Is this we met them last night.
A．where B．place C．place in which D．place which
10、We all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.
A．where B．wherever C．that D．that wherever
11、I think it is you’re eating too much.
A．that B．because C．the reason D．for
12、It is said has been translated into French.
A．that that B．which C．that D．that which
13、It is still a question we shall have our sports meet.
A．why B．that C．when D．which
14、It’s not yet clear of those will be chosen to go abroad.
A．that B．which C．whom D．who
15、These pictures show you .
A．What does our village look like B．What our village looks live
C．How does our village look like D．how our village looks like
16、Can you make sure the gold necklace?
A．where Alice had put B．where did
C．where Alice has put D．where has
17、Go and get your glasses. It’s you left it.
A．there B．where C．there where D．where there
18、――Do you remember he came?
――Yes, I do. He came by train.
A．how B．when C．where D．that
19、 we can’t get seems better than we have.
A．What, what B．What, that C．That, that D．That, what
20、Mother asked me .
A．what was wrong with me B．what’s wrong with me
C．what wrong was with me D．what wrong is with me
21、 they have won the game made us excited.
A．/ B．That C．What D．Where
22、 I accept the girl or refuse it is none of your business.
A．If B．Whether C．Even if D．When
23、 he says in his report is a very interesting question.
A．What all B．All what C．What D．What that
24、When they will start not been decided.
A．have B．is C．does D．has
25、 certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
A．That is B．This is C．It is D．It has
26、 is unknown to us all.
A．Where did she put it B．Where she put it
C．That where she put it D．In which she put it
27、 nothing to do with us.
A．What she did have B．What she did is
C．What did she do has D．What she has done has
28、The trouble is we are short of hands.
A．what B．that C．how D．which
29、Energy is makes things work.
A．what B．everything C．something D．that
30、My hometown is not it used to ten years ago.
A．when; do B．what; do C．what; be D．when; be
31、The reason I have to go is my mother is ill in bed.
A．why; why B．why; because C．why; that D．that; because
32、The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.
A．which B．that C．when D．so that
33、That is I lost my pen.
A．when B．where C．that D．what
34、Have you any idea ?
A．how fast does light travel B．how quick light travels
C．how soon light travels D．how fast light travels
35、His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.
A．that we go B．which we should go
C．that we would go D．we would go
36、He was interested in he had seen at the exhibition.
A．which B．that C．a(chǎn)ll what D．a(chǎn)ll that
37、He often thinks of he can do more for his country.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
38、He made quite clear that he wouldn’t change his mind.
A．this B．that C．it D．what
39、He got angry with was against his opinion.
A．whom B．who C．whoever D．a(chǎn)nyone
40、I don’t know .
A．what was the matter outside B．what the matter outside was
C．what was outside the matter D．what was happened outside
41、He has come, but I didn’t know that he until yesterday.
A．is coming B．will come C．was coming D．wasn’t coming
42、He ran back into the room to see if he anything behind.
A．has forgotten B．had forgotten C．has left D．had left
43、The news he died in the battle has got round in the village.
A．that B．which C．what D．this
44、 you say, I wouldn’t allow you to do that.
A．What B．Which C．Whatever D．However
45、We are wondering our teacher will come to the party or not.
A．if B．that C．why D．whether
46、 he has been getting on well with his studies makes all of us happy.
A．Which B．How C．What D．That
47、That is he failed to arrive on time.
A．where B．whether C．why D．when
48、We finally found out to him.
A．what had happened B．what has happened
C．which took place D．what has been taken place
49、No one knows when and where .
A．was she born B．did she come from
C．she work
23、 “ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”
A．Which number B．What number C．What size D．What
24、 “ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.”
A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which
25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ?
A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not
26、 is the distance between these two villages?
A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much
27、 do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.
A．How many time B．How much C．How long D．How often
28、How it in English?
A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak
29、 is the population of the city?
A．How much B．How many C．How D．What
30、 did she get this information?
A．Whom B．Who C．Where D．What
31、 does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.
A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive
32、About do you want to know more?
A．Whom B．who C．which D．what
33、――We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
――What do you suppose to her.
A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened
34、――Have you heard the news about Jim?
――No. What ?
A．is it B．it is C．a(chǎn)re they D．they are
35、――Would you rather go there by train or by air?
―― .
A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’t C．Yes, by air D．By air
36、 I go or you go yourself?
A．Will…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall
37、――Do you think the question easy or not?
―― .
A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy
38、Shall we stay at home or to the park?
A．to go B．going C．go D．will go
39、 writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?
A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which
40、―― was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?
30、The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing
31、We saw the bird flap its wings and away.
A．fly B．flied C．flew D．flying
32、I insisted that the dictionary to be bought at once.
A．refers to B．refer C．referred D．referring
33、 , ice will be changed into water.
A．Heating B．Heated C．If heating D．To be heated
34、The foreigner seemed his way.
A．to be losing B．to have misse C．to have lost D．missed
35、Don’t leave me alone at home.
A．to stay B．stay C．staying D．stayed
36、Whatever must well.
A．is to be done, be done B．a(chǎn)re to do, do C．is to do…be done D．a(chǎn)re to be done, do
37、The officer ordered the wounded soldier at once.
A．to operate B．be operated C．was operated on D．to be operated on
38、With the walls white , the room seems larger.
A．painting B．painted C．to be painted D．has been painted
39、――Can I help you?
――I’d like to have the shoes , for they are a bit smaller.
A．changing B．changed C．to be changing D．be changed
40、On hearing the news, the woman stood there .
A．frightened B．frightening C．to frighten D．to be frightened
41、 the train, they decided to wait for another.
A．Missed B．Missing C．Having missed D．Being missed
42、There no bus, I had to walk home.
A．is B．was C．were D．being
43、At present, there is a new airport and supermarket in the south of the town.
A．built B．to be built C．being built D．is being built
44、The young man told the doctor that he didn’t need his heart .
A．having, checked B．to have, checked C．having, to check D．to have, to check
45、Try the back door if nobody answers the front door.
A．to knock at B．knocking at C．a(chǎn)nd knock at D．a(chǎn)nd knocking at
46、We have to do something to stop wild animals .
A．killing B．to be killed C．being killed D．to kill
47、 , we plan to hold a class meeting.
A．Time permitting B．Time permits C．If time is permitted D．Time permitted
48、With the boy the way, the soldiers got to the position in time.
A．led B．leading C．being led D．was leading
49、The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him without delay.
A．to weave B．to be woven C．to have woven D．to be weaving
50、Look at his look. It seems as if he had met a tiger.
A．frightened, frightening B．frightening, frightened
C．frightened, frightened D．frightening, frightening
51、 , the players began the game.
A．Having taken our seats B．Taking our seats
C．After we took our seats D．Being taken the seats
52、 him before, she didn’t know he was her uncle.
A．Not having seen B．Having not seen
C．Not seeing D．Not being seen
53、 many times, but he made the same mistake again.
A．Having been told B．Although he had been told
C．He had been told D．Having told
54、The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold water.
A．boiled B．boiling C．to boil D．having boiled
55、The little boy entered the classroom without .
A．noticing B．noticed C．being noticed D．notice
56、We’re considering English in pairs after class.
A．practising speaking B．practising to speak
C．to practise speaking D．to practise to speak
57、 the mixture, the teacher showed it around the classroom.
A．To see B．More students to see
C．For more students to see D．Seen
58、I apologize for my promise.
A．not to keep B．being kept C．not having kept D．having not kept
59、The book on the desk to her.
A．lying, belonging B．lay, belong
C．lying, belongs D．being lie, is belong
60、 , Mary had to stay at home to look after her.
A．Being ill B．To be ill C．Her mother was ill D．Her mother being ill
61、 much English troubled him a lot.
A．His not knowing B．Not he knowing
C．His having not known D．His not known
62、He won’t attend the meeting unless to give a speech.
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．he will be invited
63、He got the first and won the prize as .
A．expected B．expecting C．to be expected D．expect
64、He stood there with his eyes me.
A．fixing B．fixing on C．fixed to D．fixed on
65、Mother warned him after drinking.
A．to never drive B．never to drive C．never driving D．never drive
66、I remember something like that.
A．that he say B．him to say C．his saying D．him having said
67、Did you smell something ?
A．burnt B．to burn C．to be burning D．burning
68、Because of air pollution, this city is no longer .
A．a(chǎn) good place to live in B．a(chǎn) good place for living in
C．a(chǎn) good place to live D．a(chǎn) good place to be lived in
69、Let the day .
A．to be remembered B．remembered C．be remembered D．remember
70、His parents , the orphan is now taken care of by the villagers.
A．dead B．dying C．have died D．having died
71、Would you be to do me a favour?
A．a(chǎn)s good as B．so good as C．enough good D．good enough as
72、He had us all through the party.
A．laughing B．to laugh C．laugh D．laughed
73、The nurse suggested the old man , for he had a long time to wait.
A．to sit down B．sit down C．would sit down D．sat down
74、Those who have questions , raise your hands.
A．a(chǎn)sked B．a(chǎn)sk C．a(chǎn)sking D．to ask
75、This room is used food.
A．to store B．storing C．to storing D．stored
76、We can’t keep our eyes to all this.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut D．shutted
77、I don’t feel like to the cinema.
A．go B．going C．gone D．to go
78、 you the truth, I don’t like the design he offered.
A．Tell B．Told C．Telling D．To tell
79、 at the station, they found the train .
A．Arriving, going B．Arrived, go C．Arriving, gone D．Arrived, gone
80、What he said made us .
A．to surprise B．surprise C．surprising D．surprised
[答案]：
1、A 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、D 6、C
7、A 8、A 9、D 10、B 11、D 12、A
13、B 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、A 18、C
19、A 20、A 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、D
25、C 26、D 27、C 28、C 29、A 30、C
31、A 32、C 33、B 34、C 35、C 36、A
37、D 38、B 39、B 40、A 41、C 42、D
43、C 44、B 45、B 46、C 47、A 48、B
49、B 50、A 51、C 52、A 53、C 54、A
55、C 56、A 57、C 58、C 59、C 60、D
61、A 62、A 63、A 64、D 65、B 66、C
67、D 68、A 69、C 70、D 71、B 72、A
73、B 74、D 75、A 76、A 77、B 78、D
79、C 80、D
十三、The Sentences
知識要點(diǎn)：
句子按使用的目的可分為四類：
1、陳述句 2、疑問句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看句子可分為三種類型：
1、簡單句 2、并列句 3、復(fù)合句
1、陳述句：
（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我們熱愛祖國。
（2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。
說明：敘述或否定一個事實(shí)或看法。
2、疑問句：
（1）一般疑問句：
Are you a worker? 你是個工人嗎？
Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你沒看過這部電影嗎？沒看過。
說明：以一個助動詞，情態(tài)動詞或動詞be開始的問句。回答要用yes或no。
（2）特殊疑問句：
Who is the man? 這人是誰？
When do you watch TV? 你什么時間看電視？
What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么？
說明：以一個疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語序（或稱為疑問詞加一般疑問句）
（3）選擇疑問句：
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他學(xué)日語還是學(xué)法語？他學(xué)法語。
說明：提出兩個或兩個以上的情況，選擇一個作為答案。
（4）反意疑問句：
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他們要去機(jī)場，是嗎？
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你沒做完作業(yè)，是嗎？
說明：提出情況或看法問對方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個簡短的疑問句，即前面句子肯定，后為否定；前面句子否定，后為肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺？是嗎？
He knows little Russian, does he? 他幾乎不懂俄語，是嗎？
說明：當(dāng)陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時，附加問句用肯定形式。
（5）祈使句：
a．陳述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八點(diǎn)鐘一定要到那兒。
b．否定句：Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會幫助你的。
說明：表示命令，請求，叮囑，號召等，謂語動詞用原形。
（6）感嘆句：
what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化��！
What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！
how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！
how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！
How time flies! 時間過得多么快呀！
How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子�。�
說明：表示說話時驚異，喜悅，氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。
二、句子的類型（Types of Sentences）
1、簡單句的句子的類型：一個主語+一個謂語，例：
The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天彈鋼琴。
兩個主語+一個謂語，例：Tom and I are good friends. 湯姆和我是好朋友。
一個主語+兩個謂語，例：He opened the door and left. 他打開門出去了。
兩個主語或兩個謂語或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited
their friends. 史密斯夫婦去市場，買了些水果，并看望了朋友。
結(jié)構(gòu)特殊：只含有一個詞或一個詞組，例：
Hello! 喂！
Help! Help! 救命�。【让�！
Many thanks. 萬分感謝。
2、簡單句的基本句型（The
Basic Sentence Patterns）
句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
（1）主語+不及物動詞：S + Vi.，例：
Birds fly. 鳥飛 They disappeared.
他們消失了。
（2）主 + 連系動詞 + 表語：S + V + P，例：
She is a university student. 她是一名大學(xué)生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。
（3）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語：S + Vt + O，例：
He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
We help each other. 我們互相幫助。
（4）主 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語：S + Vt + O + O，例：
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。
（5）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 補(bǔ)語：S + Vt + O + C，例：
They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。
注：S = Subject（主語）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物動詞）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物動詞）P=Predicative（表語）O=Object（賓語）C=Complement補(bǔ)語
重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：
否定陳述句要注意下列幾點(diǎn)：
（1）否定陳述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 構(gòu)成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意義的副詞也可構(gòu)成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
（2）其他成分的否定形式
有些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于肯定式，但含有否定意義的詞，可分以下幾種。
否定的主語：
Nobody will agree with you. 沒人同意你的意見。
None of the students like the novel. 沒有學(xué)生喜歡這本小說。
No student here studies Russian. 這里沒有一個學(xué)生學(xué)俄語。
否定的賓語：
We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我們什么都看不見。
He will borrow the book from nobody. 他從誰那都借不來這本書。
You must remember not to be late for class. 你必須記住上課不準(zhǔn)遲到。
否定的狀語：
They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是騎車來的而是走著來的。
We could find him nowhere. 我們什么地方也找不到他。
（3）不定代詞all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句時，表示部分否定。
All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )
這里的樹并非都是蘋果樹。（有的是蘋果樹，有的不是。）
Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)
這姐兒倆并不都是護(hù)士。
Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )
并不是人人都能做這件事。
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：
一、陳述句和疑問句：
1、They happy when they hear the news.
A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t
2、―― “ Is your uncle a driver?”
―― “ .”
A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my anut is C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does
3、We satisfied with their work.
A．don’t B．a(chǎn)re not C．won’t D．weren’t being
4、He coffee at all. He tea.
A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer
C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of
5、She me only twice since last year.
A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen
6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city.
A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives
7、You make such mistakes again.
A．should never B．should not always C．would always not D．would not forever
8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ .”
A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t
9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .”
A．I cycle there B．I walk there C．to the work D．I’ve already been there
10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it.
A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk C．usually is drunk D．drank usually
11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .”
A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike
12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball.
A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is
13、When home from work?
A．do your parents come B．does your parents come C．have your parentsD．our parents come
14、Which of the students the examination?
A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed
15、They trouble lifting the heavy box.
A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot of C．didn’t have much D．haven’t a great deal of
16、―― “Did you have breakfast this morning?
―― “ .”
A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have.
17、 colour is the cover of the dictionary?
A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose
18、 “ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”
A．What time B．How long C．When D．How many times
19、There are many pictures on the wall.
do you like best?
A．What B．Which one C．Which of the picture D．Which one picture
20、Since when her?
A．did you know B．have you known C．do you know D．you know
21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “ .”
A．Yes, it is B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t
22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “ .”
A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not wait C．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back
習(xí)(含答案%2093頁).files/image013.gif)
語 態(tài)
式
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
否定式：not + 動名詞
1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。
2）被動式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀請就來到了晚會。
3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。
4）完成被動式：
He forgot having been taken to
5）否定式：not + 動名詞
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。
6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動名詞
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。
2、動名詞的句法功能：
1）作主語：
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。
當(dāng)動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。
It’s no use quarrelling. 爭吵是沒用的。
2）作表語：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。
3）作賓語：
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個例句。此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。
要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…（from）,protect…from,set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
4）作定語：
He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？
5）作同位語：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。
（三）現(xiàn)在分詞：
現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。
1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：
現(xiàn)在
及 物 動 詞 write
不及物動詞go
分詞
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
主動語態(tài)
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone
否定式：not + 現(xiàn)在分詞
1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業(yè)，他開始打蘭球。
2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。
2、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：
1）作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前，如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改為the man who is speaking.
2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動作是進(jìn)行時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。
4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：
A）作時間狀語：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。
B）作原因狀語：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。
C）作方式狀語，表示伴隨：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
D）作條件狀語：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費(fèi)寶貴的時間。
E）作結(jié)果狀語：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。
F）作目的狀語：
He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。
G）作讓步狀語：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
H）與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習(xí)。
有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。
H）作獨(dú)立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。
（四）過去分詞：
過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。
過去分詞的句法功能：
1、過去分詞作定語：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。
注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。
2、過去分詞作表語：
The window is broken. 窗戶破了。
The were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。
注意be + 過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)別：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被動）
有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（開水） fallen leaves（落葉）
newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽）the changed world（變了的世界）
這類過去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。
有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。
4、過去分詞作狀語：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間）
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 雖然被告之危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進(jìn)山洞。
5、過去分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的書期末時都還了，圖書管理員很高興。
The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他開始撒種子。
非謂語動詞用法對比
知識要點(diǎn)：
1、動名詞做主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。例如：
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。
It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 與一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師討論這個問題是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主語的句型有：
（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有：
It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
It’s worth while doing.
1、不定式做表語常表示謂語動詞所表示動作之后發(fā)生的動作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目的是要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說的能力。
2、動名詞做表語是對主語內(nèi)容的解釋，這時主語與表語位置可以互換，動名詞常用于口語中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蟻后）的專職工作是產(chǎn)卵。
3、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語表示主語的性質(zhì)與特征；進(jìn)行時表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。
The task of this class is practising the idioms. （現(xiàn)在分詞做表語）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）
4、常用作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等�，F(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行與主動。
The joke is amusing .這笑話很逗人。
The problem is puzzling. 這個問題令人不解。
5、過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的被動狀態(tài)或完成某動作的狀態(tài)。而被動語態(tài)表示主語所承受的動作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（過去分詞做表語）
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被動語態(tài)）
He is well educated.（過去分詞做表語）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被動語態(tài)）
常用在句中做表語的過去分詞有：used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞用法不同：interest（使…感興趣），surprise（使…吃驚），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…興奮），tire（使…疲勞），please（使…滿意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…滿意），amuse（使…娛樂），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…歡欣鼓舞），worry（使…憂慮）
它們的現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物（有時修飾人），表示主動，過去分詞常修飾人，表示被動（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：
Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。
They are very tired. 他們很疲勞
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
三、不定式與動名詞做賓語：
1、下列動詞跟不定式做賓語：want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列動詞或動詞短語后用動名詞做賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等動詞后跟不定式與動名詞意義不同，不定式表示謂語動詞之后的動作，而動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.
He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我發(fā)信。）
I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了在一個普通信封上發(fā)現(xiàn)了那枚珍貴的郵票。
Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，記得給我們寫信。
I don’t remember meeting him. 我不記得見過他。
I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加你的生日晚會了。
They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他們后悔同意這個計(jì)劃。
He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他盡力假裝與朋友分享歡樂。
She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她試著看看小說，但也不能使她忘記傷心事。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我沒有企圖傷害你。
A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不圖回報(bào)地幫助別人。
4、動名詞作need, want, require, be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）這臺洗衣機(jī)需要修理。
The point wants referring to. 這一點(diǎn)要提到。
This English novel is worth reading. 這本英文小說值得一讀。
The situation in Russian required studying. 俄國形式需要研究。
1、以下動詞后跟不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語：ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid
The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 醫(yī)生囑咐他再臥床休息幾天。
We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做賓補(bǔ)。）
2、有些動詞后的復(fù)合賓語用不帶“to“的不定式，這些動詞有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：
We noticed him enter the house. 我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板讓他們一天干12小時工作。
注意當(dāng)make、have不做“迫使、讓”講，而做“制造、有”解時，跟帶有to的不定式做狀語。
Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 媽媽做了一個蛋糕給他慶賀生日。
He had a meeting to attend. 他有個會要開。
3、下列動詞后的復(fù)合賓語用分詞做賓補(bǔ)：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)，要看分詞與賓語的關(guān)系。例：
We heard him singing the song when we came in. 當(dāng)我們進(jìn)來的時候，聽見他正唱那首歌。
We have heard the song sung twice. 我們聽過這首歌唱過兩遍了。
五、非謂語動詞做定語：
1、不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作或過去的某一特定動作。例如：
He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他沒有房子住卻有好多活要干。
Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我們班長是第一個到的。
2、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別：
動名詞做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞進(jìn)行的動作。
a walking stick 拐杖（動名詞做定語，意為a stick for walking）
a sleeping car 臥鋪車廂（動名詞做定語，意為a car for sleeping）
the rising sun 正在升起的太陽（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the sun which was rising）
the changing world 變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the world which is changing）
3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞做定語表示完成或被動的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示主動或進(jìn)行的動作。如：
a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）
in the following years 在后來的幾年中（意同in the years that followed）
a well dressed woman 衣著講究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）
a car parked at the gate 停在門口的小汽車（意同a car which was parked at the gate）
六、不定式與分詞做狀語：
1、不定式做狀語，只表示目的、結(jié)果或原因：
He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙趕到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢被盜了。（結(jié)果狀語）
To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 為了被聽清楚，他提高了嗓門。（目的狀語）
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的進(jìn)步，我們都很吃驚。(原因狀語)
2、分詞做狀語可表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式：
Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 從山上看，這座城市很美。（條件狀語）
Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 當(dāng)走進(jìn)房間時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)父親生氣了。（時間狀語）
Being tired, they went on working. 雖然累了，但他們繼續(xù)工作。（讓步狀語）
Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那個小男孩哭了。（原因狀語）
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一個手指放進(jìn)嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來挺高興。（伴隨狀語）
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：
1、They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.
A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow
2、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.
A．so not as to B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to
3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.
A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest
4、The next morning she found the man in bed, dead.
A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying
5、Only one of these books is .
A．worth to read B．worth being read C．worth of reading D．worth reading
6、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed .
A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch
7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting
8、She didn’t remember him before.
A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met
9、 ――Good morning. Can I help you?
――I’d like to have this package , madam.
A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed
10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.
A．followed B．following C．to be followed D．being followed
11、The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind.
A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
12、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.
A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy
13、The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.
A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing
14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed
15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.
A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing
16、I would appreciate back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling
17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes .
A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening
18、 a reply, he decided to write again.
A．Not receiving B．Receiving not C．Not having received D．Having not received
19、Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.
A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented
20、 “Can’t you read?” Mary said to the notice.
A．a(chǎn)ngrily pointing B．a(chǎn)nd point angrily C．a(chǎn)ngrily pointed D．a(chǎn)nd angrily pointing
21、Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.
A．ride, ride B．riding, ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding
22、The missing boys were last seen near the river.
A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play
23、The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A．having added B．to add C．a(chǎn)dding D．a(chǎn)dded
24、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written
25、We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met
26、――You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
――Well, now I regret that.
A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done
27、The patient was warned oily food after the operation.
A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating
28、 in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A．Losting B．Having lost C．Lost D．To lose
29、――Is this raincoat yours?
――No, mine there behind the door.
A．is hanging B．has hung C．hangs D．hung
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句子成分
非謂語
主語
表語
賓語
補(bǔ)語
定語
狀語
同位語
不定式
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
動名詞
ü
ü
ü
（極少）
ü
ü
現(xiàn)在分詞
ü
ü
ü
ü
過去分詞
ü
ü
ü
ü
（一）動詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1、不定式的形式：
主 動
被 動
一般式
to write
to be written
進(jìn)行式
to be writing
/
完成式
to have written
to have been written
否定式：not + (to) do
1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后，例如：
I’m glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2、不定式的句法功能：
1）作主語：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用形式主語it作形式主語，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
2）作表語：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
3）作賓語：
常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面，例如：
Marx found it important to
study the situation in
動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
在復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介詞有時也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema.
有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
5）作定語：
動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：
A）動賓關(guān)系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者，不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：
Have you got anything to sent?
Have you got anything to be sent?
B）說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
C）被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：
He is the first to get here.
6）作狀語：
A）表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right: To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
B）表結(jié)果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：I visited him only to find him out.
C）表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
D）表程度：
It’s too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
7）作獨(dú)立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。
If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
9）不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）動名詞：
動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。
1、動名詞的形式：
4、The operator put him to 65250786.
A．over B．on C．through D．in
5、―Would you please tell John I called?
― , please.
A．Hold on B．Hold up C．Hold over D．Hold out
6、―Is this number 61234567?
― .
A．No, you are wrong B．Sorry, you've got the wrong phone
C．No, you've dialed the wrong number D．No, you are right
7、―Hello. May I speak to Zhou Lan?
―Yes. .
A．My name is Zhou Lan B．I'm Zhou Lan C．This is Zhou Lan speaking D．Zhou Lan's me
8、―Do you want to have a message?
―No, thanks. I in half an hour.
A．will call again B．can call C．may phone him D．would call
十一、Shopping
1、―I'd like to buy a ten―speed bicycle.
―How about this kind of type?
― ?
A．How many is it B．How is it C．How much is it D．How expensive is
2、― do you want?
―Half a kilo, please.
A．How many apples B．What are apples C．How many apple D．How much apples
3、―What's the problem?
―I'm afraid . It's a size 12 and it's too small.
A．it don't suit B．it isn't fit C．it doesn't fit D．it isn't suit
4、―How much is the blue skirt?
―Ten dollars.
A．How many size do you want? B．What size do you take?
C．How large do you want? D．What size do you dress?
5、―What about the dark blue sweater?
―I like it, but it . You decide.
A．costs too much B．take too much C．cost too many D．spends too much
6、―Would you mind if I looked at some of your tape recorders?
― .
A．I'd better to see what the boss has to say about it B．Not at all, sir. Go right ahead
C．Thank you for your coming D．Yes, do that, sir
7、―Do you think the shirt really fits me?
― . It goes well with your tie, too.
A．Of course it does B．Yes, it does C．I am not sure D．Perhaps it does
8、―Shall I ask the shop keeper if I can .
―OK. And we'd better ask Mom whether it's cheap enough.
A．take it on B．try it on C．wear D．put it on
9、―How much did you the dress?
―We 210 yuan for it.
A．spend, pay for B．pay for, cost for C．pay for, paid D．take, pay
十二、Seeing the Doctor
1、―Well, ?
―I feel hot and feverish.
A．how do you feel like B．what's the matter with you
C．what do you feel D．what illness do you have
2、― ?
―Yes, I have. My temperature seems all right.
A．Do you know your temperature B．Have you taken your temperature
C．Have you had your temperature D．Do you have your temperature
3、―Oh, doctor. Are you sure it's nothing serious?
―Yes, . I'm sure of that.
A．he'll well soon B．he can be right quickly
C．he'll be all right soon D．he'll be good soon
4、―You haven't had your lunch?
―I had a little, but .
A．I didn't feel like eating B．I didn't feel like to eat
C．I didn't like to eating D．I didn't want to eating
5、― ?
―I'm feeling even worse after taking the medicine.
A．Are you feeling better B．How are you feeling
C．How are you getting on D．How are you going
6、―How about your headache now?
―I can't get rid of it. I don't know what's the matter.
―Take it easy. .
―Thank you, doctor.
A．Take this medicine before you go to bed B．Drink plenty of water and take a good rest
C．Take this medicine a day three times D．Go home and lie in bed for a good rest
7、―My whole body feels weak and I've got a headache.
― ?
A．How long ago did you get it this B．How long have you been like this
C．How soon have you got it D．How soon have you liked this
十三、Requests and Offers
1、―Can I count on you for help?
―
A．As you like. B．I'm sorry. C．Yes, you certainly can D．Why do you ask?
2、―Could you spare me some ink?
― .
A．Yes, of course B．Not at all C．Yes, I cold D．Never mind
3、―Let me help you carry the box.
―No, I can manage, but .
A．not at all B．it doesn't matter C．thank you just the same D．the same to you
4、―Will you make me a kite?
― .
A．I'm glad B．I'll be glad C．I'm going to glad D．I'll be glad to
5、―You seem to get lost. Need help?
―
A．Yes, would you help me with the bag? B．Yes, take me please.
C．Help me find the key, please.
D．I'm looking
for
6、―I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
―Not at all. .
A．I've no time B．I'd rather not C．I'd like it D．I'd be happy to
7、If you want to ask someone for help, which drills shouldn't you say ?
A．Could you do me a favor B．Would you do me a favor
C．May I ask a favor of you D．Can you give me a help
8、―Can I have some meat?
―Certainly, just .
A．take it as you like B．eat it as you please
C．help yourself D．help yourself at home
十四、Asking for Permission
1、―Would you mind if I played the violin here?
― .
A．No, you won't B．No, do as you please
C．Yes, I don't mind D．Yes, do as you please
2、―May I stop here?
―No, you .
A．mustn't B．might not C．needn't D．won't
3、―Shall I tell John about it?
―No, you . I've told him already.
A．needn't B．wouldn't C．mustn't D．shouldn't
4、―Can I use your tape recorder for a while?
―Yes, .
A．go ahead B．you can't broke it C．a(chǎn)ll right D．no, sorry
5、 ? I didn't quite catch you.
A．Will you please repeat it again B．Pardon
C．What did you say D．Say it again now
6、Dick wants to go to the toilet during the class. He puts up his hand and says to his teacher:
A．Excuse me, I can't stand any longer. B．Will you please let me go?
C．Please, sir, may I be excused? D．I must go outside.
7、―Can I go and have a look at it?
―Yes, of course. .
A．After me B．Come this way C．You may look D．This direction
十五、Advice and Suggestions
1、―I usually go there by train.
―Why not by boat for a change?
A．to try going B．trying to go C．to try and go D．try going
2、―I'd like information about the management of your hotel.
―Well, you could have word with the manager, he might be helpful
A．some, a B．a(chǎn)n, some C．some, some D．a(chǎn)n, a
3、―I'm afraid I've got a bad cold.
― .
A．Never mind B．Keep away from the medicine
C．Better go and see a doctor D．You need take a medicine
4、―I can't see the words on the blackboard.
―Perhaps you need .
A．to examine your eyes B．to have your eyes examined
C．to have examined your eyes D．your eyes to be examined
5、―Let's go and see our teacher on Teachers' Day.
A．That's will do B．That's all
C．That's all right D．All right
【答案】
一、Greetings:
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、C 5、A
6、B 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、C
11、C 12、A 13、A
二、Introduction:
1、A 2、D 3、D 4、A 5、C
6、D 7、A
三、Farewells:
1、B 2、D 3、B 4、B 5、A
6、B 7、C 8、A 9、B 10、B
四、Asking and Directing the Way:
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、A
6、A 7、D 8、B
五、Asking for Time and Date:
1、B 2、C 3、C 4、B 5、D
6、B 7、C 8、B
六、Asking about Health:
1、B 2、C 3、B 4、C 5、C
6、A 7、C
七、Talking about Weather:
1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、B
6、B 7、B 8、D 9、B 10、D
八、Invitation:
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、B
6、A 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、D
九、Making an Appointment:
1、C 2、D 3、B 4、A 5、C
6、C 7、A 8、D 9、A 10、B
十、Making a Phone Call:
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、C 5、A
6、C 7、C 8、A
十一、Shopping:
1、C 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、A
6、B 7、A 8、B 9、C
十二、Seeing the Doctor:
1、B 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、B
6、A 7、B
十三、Requests and Offers:
1、C 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、D
6、D 7、D 8、C
十四、Asking for Permission:
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、A 5、B
6、C 7、B
十五、Advice and Suggestions:
1、D 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、D
知識要點(diǎn)：
在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。
1、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點(diǎn)有：
1）如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
2）都可以被狀語修飾：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
3）都有主動與被動, “體”式（一般式；進(jìn)行式；完成式）的變化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（謂語動詞被動語態(tài)）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（動名詞的被動式）
We have written the composition.（謂語動詞的完成時）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）
4）都可以有邏輯主語
They started the work at once.（謂語動詞的邏輯主語）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（動詞不定式的邏輯主語）
We are League members.（謂語動詞的主語）
We being League member, the work was well done.（現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語）
2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點(diǎn)有：
1）非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用（如動詞不定式和動名詞），在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
2）非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
3）非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。
（二）非謂語動詞的句法功能：
―Sure, it's 65250786.
A．What's your telephone number B．Can I have your telephone number
C．Can I help you D．Can you make your telephone number
―Ah, yes, your appointment is at 4:15. , please, Mr. Brown?
A．Wait a minute B．May you wait C．Can you wait a minute D．Take it easy
7、―I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
―Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been C．was D．will be
8、―I'll come back tomorrow evening at nine. Can you meet me at the airport?
― .
A．All right B．All right. Nice to see you C．OK, wait for me D．All right. See you then
9、―Will you be at home next Sunday?
―
A．Yes, but why? B．No, never mind. C．Not at all. D．Yes, of course not.
10、―Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
― .
A．I don't B．I won't C．I can't D．I haven't
十、Making a phone call
1、―Hello, is Henry in?
―I'm sorry, he isn't here. ?
A．What's the matter B．May I help you C．Is there anything D．Who are you
2、―Could you ask him to call me, please?
― ! What's your name, please?
A． Sure B．Oh C．Yes D．Well
3、― ?
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