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				普通名詞  1)不可數(shù)名詞注意:不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞.尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了.           如:have a  wonderful time.‚不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式.ƒ不可數(shù)名詞一般無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式.部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類(lèi)別時(shí).可用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:fishes, newspapers,     waters,        snows--    |         |          |              各種各樣的魚(yú) 各種報(bào)紙 河湖.海水    積雪„有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù).變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物.如:times時(shí)代.works著作.difficulties困難…在表數(shù)量時(shí).常用“of 詞組來(lái)表示.如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper-.2)可數(shù)名詞:  可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類(lèi)之外.一般都要加冠詞:A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating  animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually  fresh.‚有復(fù)數(shù)形式:a)規(guī)則變化――加“s 或“es   b)不規(guī)則變化――child  , foot , man (men), woman , goose  , Englishman ,phenomenon-注意:c)單.復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep, deer, Chinese,  Japanese, fish--.如.a sheep, two sheepd)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,-  e)形復(fù)實(shí)單:physics,  politics, maths, news, plastics.means.f)形單實(shí)復(fù):people (人民.人們).the police, cattle等g)集合名詞如:family, public, group, class等.當(dāng)作為整體時(shí).為單數(shù),當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí).為復(fù)數(shù).如:  My family is a  big one.   My  family are music lovers.h)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí).(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式.如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子.弟妹,step-son (s)繼子,editor (s) -in-chief總編輯.  (b)如沒(méi)有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s .如:grown-up(s)成年人.go-between(s)中間人(c)woman, man作定語(yǔ)時(shí).要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致.如:a man servant―men servants, a woman doctor―women doctors二.名詞的所有格:  1.表有生命的東西的名詞所有格.一般在名詞后加“’s .如:Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights-注意:1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es.它的所有格只在詞后加“s .如:Teachers’    Day, the  workers’ rest-home.the students’ reading-room2)復(fù)合名詞的所有格.在后面的詞后加“’s .如:her son-in-law’s photo,anybody else’s book3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有.則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“’s ,            如果不是共有.則每個(gè)詞后都要加“’s .如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的  收音機(jī)4)表地點(diǎn)的名詞所有格后面.一般省去它所修飾的名詞.如:the tailor’s (裁縫鋪) the doctor’s (診所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)5)有些表時(shí)間.距離.國(guó)家.城鎮(zhèn)的無(wú)生命的名詞.也可加“’s 表所有格.如:half an  hour’s walk (半小時(shí)的路程)     China’s agriculture (中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))2.表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組.表示所有格.如:the cover of the book  3.表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of.特別是名詞較長(zhǎng).有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí).如:the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing  at the gate?  4.“of詞組+所有格 的用法:在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞.數(shù)詞.不定代詞或指示代詞(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)時(shí).常用“of詞組+所有格 的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系.如:a friend of my father’s 我父親的一位朋友.  some inventions of Edison’s 愛(ài)迪生的一些發(fā)明those exercise-books of the students’ 學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本.[專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練]:1.There are only twelve         in  the hospital.    A．woman doctors              B．women doctors    C．women doctor                 D．woman doctor2.Mr Smith has two        ,  both of whom are teachers in a school.    A．brothers-in-law             B．brother-in-laws    C．brothers-in-laws             D．brothers-in law3.――How many          does  a cow have?    ――Four.    A．stomaches    B．stomach     C．stomachs        D．stomachies4.Some           visited  our school last Wednesday.    A．German     B．Germen     C．Germans        D．Germens5.The         of  the building are covered with lots of             .    A．roofs; leaves  B．rooves; leafs  C．roof; leaf        D．roofs; leafs6.When the farmer returned home he found three          missing.    A．sheeps      B．sheepes      C．sheep           D．sheepies7.That was a fifty          engine.    A．horse power                B．horses power    C．horse powers               D．horses powers8.My father often gives me          .    A．many advice  B．much advice  C．a(chǎn) lot of advices   D．a(chǎn) few advice9.Mary broke a            while  she was washing up.    A．tea cup      B．a(chǎn) cup of tea  C．tea’s cup        D．cup tea10.Can you give us some            about  the writer?    A．informations               B．information    C．piece of informations         D．pieces information11.I had a cup of           and  two pieces of        this  morning.    A．teas; bread                 B．teas; breads    C．tea; breads                 D．tea; bread12.As is known to us all,         travels  much faster than          .    A．lights; sounds               B．light; sound    C．sound; light                D．sounds; lights13.She told him of all her        and             .    A．hope; fear                 B．hopes; fear    C．hopes; fears                D．hope; fears14.The rising          did  a lot of         to  the crops.    A．water; harm                B．water; harms    C．waters; harm               D．waters; harms15.――How far away is it from here to your school?    ――It’s  about           .    A．half an hour’s drive          B．half hours drives    C．half an hour drives              D．half an hour drive16.The shirt isn’t mine. It’s          .    A．Mrs Smith                 B．Mrs’ Smith    C．Mrs Smiths’                D．Mrs Smith’s17.Miss Johnson is a friend of        .    A．Mary’s mother              B．Mary’s mothers’    C．Mary mother’s              D．Mary’s mother’s18.Last week I called at my          .    A．a(chǎn)unt        B．a(chǎn)unts       C．a(chǎn)unt’s       D．a(chǎn)untes’19.The beach is a          throw.    A．stone       B．stones       C．stones’      D．stone’s20.I can hardly imagine         sailing  across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.    A．Peter’       B．Peter       C．Peters       D．Peters’[答案]:    1.B       2.A    3.C stomach(胃)雖是“ch 結(jié)尾.但其發(fā)音為[k].所以加“s .不用加“es .    4.C   5.A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.直接加“s .    6.C    7.A 名詞作定語(yǔ)一般不用復(fù)數(shù).    8.B    9.A 根據(jù)句意.打破的應(yīng)是杯子.而不是茶,名詞作定語(yǔ)表類(lèi)別不用加“’s .    10.B      11.D      12.B      13.C      14.C      15.A    16.D 根據(jù)上句.此處應(yīng)是史密斯太太的襯衫.    17.D      18.C   19.D a stone’s throw是固定短語(yǔ).意為“近在咫尺 .    20.B 此句中Peter作動(dòng)名詞sailing的所有格.本應(yīng)用Peter’s.但因其在動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ).所以可用賓格.因此B為正確答案.知識(shí)要點(diǎn):    在英語(yǔ)的句子中.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致.如何判定.則要看句子的意思.多數(shù)情況下.根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定.但有的則要看整句的意思.及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容.下面我們就常用的.易混的幾種情況作一下解釋.1.以單數(shù)名詞或代詞.不定式.動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.如:1)The book is on the table.2)He is reading English.  3)To work hard  is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)4)How you get there is a problem.2.復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.如:Children like to play toys.  3.在倒裝句中.動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致.如以here,there開(kāi)頭.be 動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致.如:1)There is a dog near the door.2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.  3)Here comes  the bus.4)On the wall were two famous paintings.5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.4.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well  as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致.如:1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2)He and my father work in the same factory.3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the  accident.5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6)Every picture except these two has been sold.7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5.并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人.同一事物或同一概念時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞.如:1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校.2)Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品.3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來(lái)我們學(xué)校.6.and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.如:1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì).2)No teacher and no student is absent today.今天沒(méi)有老師和學(xué)生缺席.3)Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課.7.each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.如:  1)Each takes a  cup of tea.2)Either is correct.3)Neither of them likes this picture.8.由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.如:1)Is everyone here?2)Nothing is to be done. 沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了.9.關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí).其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致.如:1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10.表示時(shí)間.距離.價(jià)格.度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí).其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式.如:1)Three years is not a long time.2)Ten dollars is what he needs.3)Five hundred miles is a long distance.11.復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名.地點(diǎn).國(guó)家.組織.書(shū)籍.報(bào)刊等).動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.如:1)The United States is in North America.2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議).3)“The Arabian Nights ()is an interesting book.12.有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience.government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí).如看作是一個(gè)整體.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式,如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:1)My family is going to have a long journey.我家要進(jìn)行一次長(zhǎng)途旅行.2)My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜歡音樂(lè).3)The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽(yù).4)The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來(lái).13.all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí).既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義.也可表示單數(shù)意義.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定.如:1)All of the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了.2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了.3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具).14.the + 形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí).常指一類(lèi)人.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如指的是抽象概念.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式.如:1)The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的.2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 現(xiàn)在傷病員們?cè)谶@里受到了很好照顧.15.or, either-or-, neither-nor-, whether-or, not only-but 連接的是主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致.如:1)Either you or I am going to the movies.2)Not only you but also he is wrong.16.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式.作主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.如:1)Water is a kind of matter.2)The news at six o’clock is true.17.集合名詞如:people, police ,cattle等作主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:  1)The police are  searching for him.2)The cattle are grassing (吃草).18.population當(dāng)人口講時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,當(dāng)人們講時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2)One third of the population here are workers.19.the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù).是表示“-的數(shù)字 .作主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù).表示許多.作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after  year.2)A number of students have gone for an outing.20.means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.[專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練]1.Nothing but cars         in the  shop.    A．is sold       B．a(chǎn)re sold     C．were sold    D．a(chǎn)re going to sell2.No one except Jack and Tom         the answer.    A．know       B．knows       C．is knowing   D．a(chǎn)re known3.Seventy percent of the students in our school         from  the countryside.    A．is          B．a(chǎn)re         C．comes       D．a(chǎn)re coming4.            of the money        used  up.    A．Three-five, are              B．Three-fifths, have been    C．Three-fifths, has been         D．Third-fifths, is5.The number of the people who         cars        increasing.    A．owns, are B．owns, is     C．own, is      D．own, are6.One of Marx’s works          written  in English in the 1860s.    A．was        B．were    C．would be    D．a(chǎn)re7.The sheets for your bed        washing.    A．needs       B．a(chǎn)re needing   C．want       D．a(chǎn)re wanting8.On each side of the street          a  lot of trees.    A．stands      B．grow    C．is standing   D．a(chǎn)re grown9.Some person         calling  for you at the gate.    A．a(chǎn)re        B．is          C．is being     D．will be10.All that can be eaten         eaten  up.    A．a(chǎn)re being    B．has been     C．had been    D．have been11.Tom’s teacher and friend         Mr.  Smith.    A．a(chǎn)re         B．is          C．a(chǎn)re being    D．has12.Your new clothes fit you, but mine         me.    A．doesn’t fit   B．don’t fit     C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for13.Neither he nor I         for  the plan.    A．a(chǎn)m         B．a(chǎn)re         C．is          D．were14.Many a student         that  mistake before.    A．has made B．have made   C．has been made D．had made15.Peter, perhaps John,         playing  with the little dog.    A．is          B．a(chǎn)re         C．were    D．seems16.Laying eggs         the  ant queen’s full-time job.    A．is          B．a(chǎn)re         C．has         D．have17.Between the two buildings            a  monument.    A．stand       B．stands       C．standing     D．is standing18.I, who         your  good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.    A．a(chǎn)m         B．is          C．a(chǎn)re         D．was			【查看更多】
			


		
           
          


		
          
		
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          （2009.湖南卷）寫(xiě)作（滿分25分）
          


          假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)新老師李紅，請(qǐng)給你的朋友張華寫(xiě)一封信，告訴他你第一天上課的情況，主要內(nèi)容如下：
          


          1. 描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
          


          2. 介紹你處理該事的方式；
          


          3. 談?wù)勀愕母邢搿?/p>


          注意：
          


          1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個(gè)；
          


          2. 可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象，增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
          


          3. 文中不得出現(xiàn)與本人及學(xué)校相關(guān)的任何真實(shí)信息。
          


           
          

			
          
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          最近，你校有人建議高薪聘請(qǐng)外教擔(dān)任英語(yǔ)教師，作為經(jīng)濟(jì)條件一般的中學(xué)，此事在你校引起了爭(zhēng)議。現(xiàn)在，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表提示寫(xiě)篇英語(yǔ)短文，介紹討論情況并發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)。
          贊成方意見(jiàn)
          		反對(duì)方意見(jiàn)
          1．可提升學(xué)生口語(yǔ)和聽(tīng)力能力
          2．可促進(jìn)學(xué)校對(duì)外交流并提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)水平
          		1．不能和他校盲目攀比
          2．所需經(jīng)費(fèi)可用于支付貧困生
          注意：
          1．詞數(shù)：100左右，短文的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)出（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）
          2．不能逐字翻譯，但可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；
          3．參考詞匯：
          促進(jìn) promote v. 和……攀比 vive with v.
          Recently, we’ve had a heated argument about the suggestion that our school should employ a foreign teacher to teach English. Some of us think                                         
          

			
          
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          學(xué)校將為2011屆學(xué)生舉行畢業(yè)典禮，邀請(qǐng)你作為學(xué)生代表發(fā)言。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿，要點(diǎn)如下：
          


          1）感謝父母、老師和同學(xué)；
          


          2）簡(jiǎn)單敘述對(duì)學(xué)校生活的感受；
          


          3）對(duì)未來(lái)的展望。
          


          注意：1) 詞數(shù)不少于100；
          


          2) 不要逐條翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
          


          3) 文章開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
          


          Dear teachers and schoolmates,
          


          Good morning！It is a great honor for me to
deliver a graduation speech on behalf of my
classmates.                                                               
          


           
          

			
          
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          （2009.湖北卷）:短文寫(xiě)作（共1題;滿分25分， 
          


          假設(shè)你是華華，與英國(guó)網(wǎng)友湯姆約定用對(duì)方的母語(yǔ)通信，以提高各自的外語(yǔ)水平。最近你收到湯姆的電子郵件（附后），發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)成語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)，用英文回一封電子郵件。 
          


          要點(diǎn): 
          


          1．不應(yīng)使用 “無(wú)所不為”，應(yīng)使用 “無(wú)所事事”; 
          


          2．說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)成語(yǔ)的用法; 
          


          3．給予鼓勵(lì)。 
          


          注意:  1.詞數(shù)為1叨左右; 
          


          2.參考釋義:無(wú)所不為一do all kinds of bad things 
          


          無(wú)所事事一have nothing to do 
          


          3.除以上兩個(gè)成語(yǔ)外，郵件中不得使用其它漢字或拼音; 
          


          4. 電子郵件的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好（不計(jì)人你所寫(xiě)詞數(shù)），但不得抄人答題卡。 
          


          附（湯姆的郵件）: 
          


          華華，你好! 
          


          近幾天在忙什么事?有什么有意思的事嗎?我們的學(xué)校放假了，所以這幾天在家無(wú)所不為，飽食終日，只好上網(wǎng)發(fā)伊妹兒。沒(méi)意思。我決定找份工作，做個(gè)自食其力的人。祝好! 
          




          湯姆 
          




          （以下所給內(nèi)容不得抄入答題卡） 
          


          Hi! Tom 
          


          Nice to read your e-mail today. I noticed
you’ve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly. 
          


          … 
          


          Hop you’ll find a good job soon. 
          


          Huahua 
          


           
          

			
          
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          第二節(jié)：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共25分）
          現(xiàn)在你已是一名高中生了，假如你叫李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示和要求給你媽媽發(fā)一封電子郵件。
          母親節(jié)快要到了，為了感恩母親，你該向她說(shuō)什么呢？
          提示：1、感謝母親多年的養(yǎng)育和教育之恩。
          2、美好回憶：惹她生氣時(shí)，她總能理解我；生病時(shí)，她總能給我最好的照顧；考試成績(jī)不好時(shí)，她總能鼓勵(lì)我；教會(huì)我要幫助有困難的人及如何做人等。
          3、向媽媽談?wù)勀愕睦硐牒痛蛩恪?br />要求：1、不能逐詞逐句地翻譯，可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥砑觾?nèi)容。
          2、不少于120詞.    
          Dear Mum,
          How are you? Mother’s Day is drawing near, and I would like to say_______________________
          _______________________________________________________________________________
           _______________________________________________________________________________
          _______________________________________________________________________________
          Yours,    
           Li Hua
          

			
          
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