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        1. (2011·上海卷)Section A

          Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.

                 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, ___50__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __51___ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business ---___52___ that the customer remains a customer.

                ___53__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing __54___ , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

                 Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __55___ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big ___56___ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to __57__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

                 In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __58__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __59__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

                 The logic behind cultivating customer ___60___ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __61__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __62__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __63__ , and may provide free word-of –mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __64__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

          50. A. in particular     B. in reality            C. at least           D. first of all

          51. A. emphasize     B. doubt                 C. overlook                D. believe

          52. A. denying                    B. ensuring            C. arguing          D. proving

          53. A. Moving                  B. Hoping               C. Starting          D. Failing

          54. A. markets                 B. tastes                       C. prices             D. expenses

          55. A. culture                  B. social                 C. financial                D. economical

          56. A. promise                 B. plan                   C. mistake          D. difference

          57. A. cost                B. opportunity               C. profit              D. budget

          58. A. as a result       B. on the whole         C. in conclusion         D. on the contrary

          59. A. huge              B. potential            C. extra              D. reasonable

          60. A. beliefs               B. loyalty                       C. habits             D. interest

          61. A. altering                 B. understanding   C. keeping          D. attracting

          62. A. Assumed        B. Respected                C. Established    D. Unexpected

          63. A. agreeable      B. flexible               C. friendly           D. sensitive

          64. A. unfair             B. difficult               C. essential            D. convenient

            

          【答案】50---54 BCBDA   55---59CDCAB  60----64BCCDB

            

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          (2011·上海卷)(C)

                 Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古學(xué)家) says. I a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.

                 “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.

                 The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.

                 The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.

                 Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.

                 Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”

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                 C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.

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          75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

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                 B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.

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                 D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.

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          (2011·上海卷)(B)

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          科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

          (2011·上海卷)(A)

                 The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.

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